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The 11-month-old Gippsland boy was born in a shiny membrane, similar to plastic wrap, which he shed bit by bit over his first few weeks of life.
Cordyceps fungi invades its hosts (mainly arthropods), and its mycelium eventually replaces the host's tissue. Once the arthropod is dead, cylindrical or branching growths emerge from the creature's dead body. Some species also have mind-control capabilities, convincing the host to travel to a place where the fungus will find optimal growth conditions before the host dies. If you haven't seen it yet, this video from Planet Earth shows a Cordyceps fungus in action: